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a foil

  • 1 bractea or brattea

        bractea or brattea ae, f    metallic foil, goldleaf: tenuis, O.: crepitabat bractea vento, the golden leaves, V.

    Latin-English dictionary > bractea or brattea

  • 2 brattea

        brattea    see bractea.
    * * *
    gold leaf/foil, thin sheet of metal (esp. gold)/other material; veneer; show

    Latin-English dictionary > brattea

  • 3 clāva

        clāva ae, f    [1 CEL-], a knotty branch, rough stick, cudgel, club: sternentes agmina clavā, V.: male mulcati clavis: Herculea, Pr. — A foil (for exercise).
    * * *
    I
    golf-club; (Cal)
    II
    club, cudgel; staff; knotty/rough/wooden stick; exercise sword; Spartan scytale

    Latin-English dictionary > clāva

  • 4 dēcipiō

        dēcipiō cēpī, ceptus, ere    [de + capio], to catch, ensnare, entrap, beguile, elude, deceive, cheat: eo deceptus, quod neque, etc., Cs.: etsi minime decere videtur decipi: Croesum: deceptus a me: per conloquium decepti, Cs.: per fas ac fidem, by the pretence of, L.: in primā spe decepti, L.: cupidine falso, H.: specie recti, H.: amor deceptam morte fefellit, bereaved, V.: dulci laborum decipitur sono, is beguiled, H.: diem, O.: Decipiam ac non veniam, T.: ab tergo et super caput decepere insidiae, i. e. were hidden, L. — Fig., to deceive, elude: exspectationibus decipiendis: oculos, qui decipit, incitat error, O.: specimen istud virtutis deceptum imagine decoris, i. e. called forth by a false notion, etc., L.
    * * *
    decipere, decepi, deceptus V TRANS
    cheat/deceive/mislead/dupe/trap; elude/excape notice; disappoint/frustrate/foil

    Latin-English dictionary > dēcipiō

  • 5 ferō

        ferō tulī (tetulī, T., Ct.), lātus, ferre    [1 FER-; TAL-], to bear, carry, support, lift, hold, take up: aliquid, T.: arma, Cs.: sacra Iunonis, H.: cadaver umeris, H.: Pondera tanta, O.: oneri ferendo est, able to carry, O.: pedes ferre recusant Corpus, H.: in Capitolium faces: ventrem ferre, to be pregnant, L.: (eum) in oculis, to hold dear.—To carry, take, fetch, move, bear, lead, conduct, drive, direct: pisciculos obolo in cenam seni, T.: Caelo supinas manūs, raisest, H.: ire, pedes quocumque ferent, H.: opertā lecticā latus per oppidum: signa ferre, put in motion, i. e. march, Cs.: huc pedem, come, T.: pedem, stir, V.: ferunt sua flamina classem, V.: vagos gradūs, O.: mare per medium iter, pursue, V.: quo ventus ferebat, drove, Cs.: vento mora ne qua ferenti, i. e. when it should blow, V.: itinera duo, quae ad portum ferebant, led, Cs.: si forte eo vestigia ferrent, L.: corpus et arma tumulo, V.—Prov.: In silvam non ligna feras, coals to Newcastle, H.—With se, to move, betake oneself, hasten, rush: mihi sese obviam, meet: me tempestatibus obvium: magnā se mole ferebat, V.: ad eum omni studio incitatus ferebatur, Cs.: alii perterriti ferebantur, fled, Cs.: pubes Fertur equis, V.: (fera) supra venabula fertur, springs, V.: quocumque feremur, are driven: in eam (tellurem) feruntur pondera: Rhenus per finīs Nantuatium fertur, flows, Cs.—Praegn., to carry off, take by force, snatch, plunder, spoil, ravage: rapiunt incensa feruntque Pergama, V.: puer fertur equis, V.— To bear, produce, yield: quae terra fruges ferre possit: flore terrae quem ferunt, H. — To offer, bring (as an oblation): Sacra matri, V.: tura superis, O.— To get, receive, acquire, obtain, earn, win: donum, T.: fructūs ex sese: partem praedae: crucem pretium sceleris, Iu.: Plus poscente, H.—Fig., to bear, carry, hold, support: vina, quae vetustatem ferunt, i. e. are old: Scripta vetustatem si ferent, attain, O.: Insani sapiens nomen ferat, be called, H.: finis alienae personae ferendae, bearing an assumed character, L.: secundas (partīs), support, i. e. act as a foil, H.— To bring, take, carry, render, lead, conduct: mi auxilium, bring help: alcui subsidium, Cs.: condicionem, proffer, Cs.: matri obviae complexum, L.: fidem operi, procure, V.: mortem illis: ego studio ad rem p. latus sum, S.: numeris fertur (Pindar) solutis, H.: laudibus alquem in caelum, praise: (rem) supra quam fieri possit, magnify: virtutem, ad caelum, S.: in maius incertas res, L.— To prompt, impel, urge, carry away: crudelitate et scelere ferri, be carried away: furiatā mente ferebar, V.: quo animus fert, inclination leads, S.: si maxime animus ferat, S.: fert animus dicere, impels, O.— To carry off, take away, remove: Omnia fert aetas, V.—With se, to carry, conduct: Quem sese ore ferens! boasting, V.: ingentem sese clamore, paraded, V.— To bear, bring forth, produce: haec aetas oratorem tulit: tulit Camillum paupertas, H.— To bear away, win, carry off, get, obtain, receive: omnium iudicio primas: ex Etruscā civitate victoriam, L.: laudem inter suos, Cs.: centuriam, tribūs, get the votes: Omne tulit punctum, H.: repulsam a populo, experience: Haud inpune feres, escape, O.— To bear, support, meet, experience, take, put up with, suffer, tolerate, endure: alcius desiderium: voltum atque aciem oculorum, Cs.: multa tulit fecitque puer, H.: iniurias civium, N.: quem ferret, si parentem non ferret suom? brook, T.: tui te diutius non ferent: dolores fortiter: iniurias tacite: rem aegerrume, S.: tacite eius verecundiam non tulit senatus, quin, etc., i. e. did not let it pass, without, etc., L.: servo nubere nympha tuli, O.: moleste tulisti, a me aliquid factum esse, etc.: gravissime ferre se dixit me defendere, etc.: non ferrem moleste, si ita accidisset: casum per lamenta, Ta.: de Lentulo sic fero, ut debeo: moleste, quod ego nihil facerem, etc.: cum mulier fleret, homo ferre non potuit: iratus atque aegre ferens, T.: patior et ferendum puto: non tulit Alcides animis, control himself, V.—Of feeling or passion, to bear, experience, disclose, show, exhibit: dolorem paulo apertius: id obscure: haud clam tulit iram, L.—In the phrase, Prae se ferre, to manifest, profess, show, display, declare: cuius rei facultatem secutum me esse, prae me fero: noli, quaero, prae te ferre, vos esse, etc.: speciem doloris voltu prae se tulit, Ta.—Of speech, to report, relate, make known, assert, celebrate, say, tell: haec omnibus ferebat sermonibus, Cs.: pugnam laudibus, L.: quod fers, cedo, say, T.: quae nunc Samothracia fertur, is called, V.: si ipse... acturum se id per populum aperte ferret, L.: homo ut ferebant, acerrimus, as they said: si, ut fertur, etc., as is reported: non sat idoneus Pugnae ferebaris, were accounted, H.: utcumque ferent ea facta minores, will regard, V.: hunc inventorem artium ferunt, they call, Cs.: multa eius responsa acute ferebantur, were current: quem ex Hyperboreis Delphos ferunt advenisse: qui in contione dixisse fertur.—Of votes, to cast, give in, record, usu. with suffragium or sententiam: de me suffragium: sententiam per tabellam (of judges): aliis audientibus iudicibus, aliis sententiam ferentibus, i. e. passing judgment, Cs.: in senatu de bello sententiam.—Of a law or resolution, to bring forward, move, propose, promote: legem: lege latā: nihil erat latum de me: de interitu meo quaestionem: rogationes ad populum, Cs.: te ad populum tulisse, ut, etc., proposed a bill: de isto foedere ad populum: cum, ut absentis ratio haberetur, ferebamus.— Impers: lato ad populum, ut, etc., L.— With iudicem, to offer, propose as judge: quem ego si ferrem iudicem, etc.: iudicem illi, propose a judge to, i. e. go to law with, L.—In book-keeping, to enter, set down, note: minus quam Verres illi expensum tulerit, etc., i. e. set down as paid.—To require, demand, render necessary, allow, permit, suffer: dum aetatis tempus tulit, T.: si tempus ferret: incepi dum res tetulit, nunc non fert, T.: graviora verba, quam natura fert: sicut hominum religiones ferunt: ut aetas illa fert, as is usual at that time of life: si ita commodum vestrum fert: si vestra voluntas feret, if such be your pleasure: uti fors tulit, S.: natura fert, ut, etc.
    * * *
    ferre, tuli, latus V
    bring, bear; tell speak of; consider; carry off, win, receive, produce; get

    Latin-English dictionary > ferō

  • 6 iugulō

        iugulō āvī, ātus, āre    [iugulum], to cut the throat, kill, slay, murder: finis iugulandi, S.: civīs iugulari iussit: homines, H.: tum rite sacratas In flammam iugulant pecudes, slaughter and throw, V.—Fig., to destroy, overthrow: Pompeianorum causa totiens iugulata: Memnona, murder (in bad verse), H.—To choke off, confute, convict, silence: hominem, T.: iugulari suā confessione: Suo sibi gladio hunc iugulo, foil with his own devices, T.: gladio plumbeo, i. e. without difficulty.

    Latin-English dictionary > iugulō

  • 7 rudis

        rudis is, f    a slender stick, staff for exercise in fighting, quarter-staff, foil: (milites) rudibus inter se concurrerunt, L.: rudibus relictis Spicula promit, O.: rudem tam cito (accepisti)? (the gladiator received the rudis when discharged from service): acceptā rude, Iu.—As a symbol of honorable discharge: Me quoque donari iam rude tempus erat, i. e. to be dismissed, O.: donatus iam rude, H.: sibi dabit ipse rudem, Iu.
    * * *
    rudis, rude ADJ
    undeveloped, rough, wild; coarse

    Latin-English dictionary > rudis

  • 8 bractea

    gold leaf/foil, thin sheet of metal (esp. gold)/other material; veneer; show

    Latin-English dictionary > bractea

  • 9 defrustror

    defrustrari, defrustratus sum V DEP
    foil/thwart completely/thoroughly

    Latin-English dictionary > defrustror

  • 10 battuo

    battuo ( bāt-), ui, ĕre, v. a. and n. [cf. Engl. beat, bat; Fr. battre; Ital. battere], to strike, beat, hit (very rare): battuit katakoptei, Gloss.; Naev. ap. Fulg. 562, 33; * Plaut. Cas. 2, 8, 60.—Of bruising in a mortar, Marc. Emp. Medic. c. 36.—Of pounding flesh before cooking it, Apic. 4, 2, 108; cf. Plin. 31, 9, 45, § 104.—
    II.
    Neutr., of fencing (like the Germ. schlagen): battuebat pugnatoriis armis, he fenced with sharp weapons (not with the foil), Suet. Calig. 54; 32.—In mal. part., Cic. Fam. 9, 22, 4.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > battuo

  • 11 clava

    clāva, ae, f. [root cel- of percello; cf. Gr. klaô and clades].
    I.
    A knotty branch or stick, a staff, cudgel, club:

    adfer duas clavas... probas,

    Plaut. Rud. 3, 5, 20; Lucr. 5, 968:

    sternentes agmina clavā,

    Verg. A. 10, 318; Curt. 9, 4, 3; Ov. F. 1, 575; Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 43, § 94; Plin. 19, 1, 3, § 18; a bar, lever, Cato, R. R. 13, 1.—As a weapon for exercising, used by young men, and esp. by soldiers, a foil, Cic. Sen. 16, 58; Veg. Mil. 1, 11.—As a badge of Hercules, Prop. 4 (5) 9, 39; Ov. H. 9, 117; id. M. 9, 114; 9, 236; * Suet. Ner. 53; cf. Paul. ex Fest. p. 62 Müll.—Hence, prov., clavam Herculi extorquere, for an impossible undertaking, Macr. S. 5, 3; Don. Vit. Verg.— Also Clava Herculis, a plant, otherwise called nymphea, Marc. Emp. 33.—
    II.
    In the lang. of economy, a graft, scion, Pall. Mart. 10, 12 and 13; cf. clavula.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > clava

  • 12 pentapetes

    pentăpĕtes, is, n., = pentapetes, five-leaf, cinque-foil:

    quinquefolium Graeci vocant pentapetes sive pentaphyllon,

    Plin. 25, 9, 62, § 109.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > pentapetes

  • 13 pentaphyllon

    pentăphyllon, i, n., = pentaphullon, i. q. quinquefolium and pentapetes, five-leaved grass, cinque-foil, Plin. 25, 9, 62, § 109; App. Herb. 2.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > pentaphyllon

  • 14 pentatomon

    pentătŏmon, i, n., = pentatomos, five-leaf, cinque-foil, i. q. quinquefolium and pentaphyllon, App. Herb. 2.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > pentatomon

  • 15 quinquefolium

    quinquĕfŏlĭus, a, um, adj. [quinquefolium].
    I.
    Five-leaved:

    rosae,

    Plin. 21, 4, 10, § 24.—
    II.
    Subst.: quinquĕfŏlĭum, ĭi, n., a plant, cinque-foil, Cels. 2, 33 fin.; Plin. 25, 9, 62, § 109.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > quinquefolium

  • 16 quinquefolius

    quinquĕfŏlĭus, a, um, adj. [quinquefolium].
    I.
    Five-leaved:

    rosae,

    Plin. 21, 4, 10, § 24.—
    II.
    Subst.: quinquĕfŏlĭum, ĭi, n., a plant, cinque-foil, Cels. 2, 33 fin.; Plin. 25, 9, 62, § 109.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > quinquefolius

  • 17 rudis

    1.
    rŭdis, e, adj. [cf. crudus], unwrought, untilled, unformed, unused, rough, raw, wild (cf. crudus): omnis fere materia non deformata, rudis appellatur, sicut vestimentum rude, non perpolitum: sic aes infectum rudusculum, Cincius ap. Fest. p. 265 Müll. (class.; esp. freq. in the trop. signif.).
    I.
    Lit.:

    terra (opp. restibilis),

    Varr. R. R. 1, 44, 2; so,

    terra,

    id. ib. 1, 27, 2:

    ager,

    Col. 3, 11, 1:

    campus,

    Verg. G. 2, 211:

    humus,

    Ov. M. 5, 646:

    rudis atque infecta materies,

    Petr. 114, 13; cf.:

    rudis indigestaque moles (Chaos),

    Ov. M. 1, 7:

    marmor,

    Quint. 2, 19, 3:

    saxum,

    id. 9, 4, 27; cf.:

    signa (de marmore coepto),

    Ov. M. 1, 406:

    aes (opp. signatum),

    Plin. 33, 3, 13:

    hasta,

    rudely finished, ill-made, Verg. A. 9, 743; cf.:

    novacula (with retusa),

    Petr. 94, 14:

    circumjectus parietum,

    Plin. 11, 51, 112, § 270:

    caementum,

    Tac. Or. 20 (with informes tegulae):

    lana,

    Ov. M. 6, 19:

    textum,

    rough, coarse, id. ib. 8, 640; so,

    vestis,

    id. F. 4, 659:

    herba,

    wild, Mart. 2, 90, 8: cf.

    uva,

    unripe, green, hard, id. 13, 68.— Neutr. plur. as subst.: detrahit doctrina aliquid, ut lima rudibus et cotes hebetibus, Quint. 2, 12, 8. —
    B.
    Poet., transf., young, new (cf. integer):

    illa (carina, sc. Argo) rudem cursu prima imbuit Amphitriten,

    untried, not yet sailed on, Cat. 64, 11;

    hence, also, Argo,

    Luc. 3, 193:

    agna,

    Mart. 9, 71, 6:

    filia,

    id. 7, 95, 8:

    dextram cruore regio imbuit,

    Sen. Troad. 217:

    pannas,

    new, Vulg. Matt. 9, 16. —
    II.
    Trop., rude, unpolished, uncultivated, unskilled, awkward, clumsy, ignorant; hence (like ignarus), with gen., unacquainted with, inexperienced in, etc. (cf. imperitus).
    (α).
    Absol.:

    consilium,

    Plaut. Poen. 1, 1, 61; cf.:

    forma ingenii impolita et plane rudis,

    Cic. Brut. 85, 294:

    incohata ac rudia,

    id. de Or. 1, 2, 5:

    quae rudia atque imperfecta adhuc erant,

    Quint. 3, 1, 7:

    rudia et incomposita,

    id. 9, 4, 17:

    vox surda, rudis, immanis, dura, etc.,

    id. 11, 3, 32:

    modulatio,

    id. 1, 10, 16; cf.:

    modus (tibicinis),

    Ov. A. A. 1, 111:

    rude et Graecis intactum carmen,

    Hor. S. 1, 10, 66:

    stilus (with confusus),

    Quint. 1, 1, 28; 12, 10, 3:

    animi,

    id. 1, 10, 9 (with agrestes);

    1, 1, 36: adhuc ingenia,

    id. 1, 2, 27; cf.

    ingenium,

    Hor. A. P. 410:

    rudis fuit vita priscorum et sine litteris,

    Plin. 18, 29, 69, § 284:

    saeculum,

    Quint. 2, 5, 23; 12, 11, 23; Tac. H. 1, 86:

    anni,

    i. e. young, early, Quint. 1, 1, 5; Tac. A. 13, 16 fin.; cf.:

    adhuc aetas,

    id. ib. 4, 8:

    rudem me et integrum discipulum accipe et ea, quae requiro, doce,

    Cic. N. D. 3, 3, 7; Quint. 2, 3, 3; 3, 6, 83:

    Aeschylus rudis in plerisque et incompositus,

    id. 10, 1, 66:

    tam eram rudis? tam ignarus rerum? etc.,

    Cic. Sest. 21, 47; so (with ignarus) Quint. 1, 8, 4:

    rudis ac stultus,

    id. 11, 3, 76:

    illi rudes homines primique,

    id. 8, 3, 36; 10, 2, 5:

    illi rudes ac bellicosi,

    id. 1, 10, 20:

    nescit equo rudis Haerere ingenuus puer,

    Hor. C. 3, 24, 54.—
    (β).
    With in and abl.:

    cum superiores alii fuissent in disputationibus perpoliti, alii in disserendo rudes,

    Cic. Rep. 1, 8, 13:

    (oratorem) nullā in re tironem ac rudem esse debere,

    id. de Or. 1, 50, 218; (with hebes) id. ib. 1, 58, 248:

    rudis in re publicā,

    id. Phil. 6, 6, 17:

    in causā,

    id. Fam. 4, 1, 1:

    in jure civili,

    id. de Or. 1, 10, 40:

    in minoribus navigiis,

    id. ib. 1, 38, 174:

    omnino in nostris poëtis,

    id. Fin. 1, 2, 5:

    sermo nullā in re,

    id. de Or. 1, 8, 32.—With simple abl. (very rare):

    Ennius ingenio maximus, arte rudis,

    Ov. Tr. 2, 424:

    arte,

    Stat. Th. 6, 437:

    studiis,

    Vell. 2, 73, 1.—
    (γ).
    With gen.:

    imperiti homines rerum omnium rudes ignarique,

    Cic. Fl. 7, 16:

    dicat se non imperitum foederis, non rudem exemplorum, non ignarum belli fuisse,

    id. Balb. 20, 47:

    provinciae rudis,

    id. Verr. 2, 2, 6, § 17:

    Graecarum litterarum,

    id. Off. 1, 1, 1; Nep. Pelop. 1, 1:

    rei militaris,

    Cic. Ac. 2, 1, 2:

    harum rerum,

    id. Verr. 2, 2, 35, § 87:

    artium,

    Liv. 1, 7:

    bonarum artium,

    Tac. A. 1, 3:

    facinorum,

    id. ib. 12, 51:

    agminum,

    Hor. C. 3, 2, 9:

    civilis belli,

    id. Ep. 2, 2, 47; cf.:

    bellorum (elephanti),

    Flor. 4, 2, 67:

    operum conjugiique,

    Ov. F. 4, 336:

    somni,

    i. e. sleepless, id. M. 7, 213:

    dicendi,

    Tac. A. 1, 29.—
    (δ).
    With ad (very rare):

    rudem ad pedestria bella Numidarum gentem esse,

    Liv. 24, 48, 5:

    ad quae (spectacula) rudes tum Romani erant,

    id. 45, 32, 10; 10, 22, 6; 21, 25, 6:

    ad partus,

    Ov. H. 11, 48:

    ad mala,

    id. P. 3, 7, 18:

    rudes adhuc ad resistendum populos,

    Just. 1, 1, 5:

    rudis natio ad voluptates,

    Curt. 6, 21, 9; 8, 8, 24.—
    (ε).
    With dat. (very rare):

    fontes rudes puellis,

    i. e. strange, Mart. 6, 42, 4.—
    (ζ).
    With inf.:

    nec ferre rudis medicamina,

    Sil. 6, 90:

    Martem rudis versare,

    id. 8, 262.— Comp., sup., and adv. do not occur.
    2.
    rŭdis, is, f. ( abl. sing. rudi, Capitol. Opil. Macr. 4, 5), a slender stick or rod.
    I.
    To stir with in cooking; a stirring-stick, spatula:

    versato crebro duabus rudibus,

    Cato, R. R. 79; so,

    ferreae,

    Plin. 34, 18, 50, § 170; cf. rudicula.—
    II.
    A staff used by soldiers and gladiators in their exercises (perh. a wooden sword), answering to a quarter-staff, a foil (freq. and class.):

    (milites) rudibus inter se in modum justae pugnae concurrerunt,

    Liv. 26, 51; 40, 6 and 9 Drak. N. cr. (al. sudibus); Ov. Am. 2, 9, 22; id. A. A. 3, 515:

    rudibus batuere,

    Suet. Calig. 32.—Hence, transf.: PRIMA or SVMMA RVDIS (also in one word, SVMMARVDIS), the first or head fencer, the fencing-master, Inscr. Orell. 2575; 2584: SECVNDA RVDIS, the second fencer, the fencing-master ' s assistant, ib. 2573 sq.—A gladiator received such a rudis when honorably discharged (whence he was called rudiarius):

    tam bonus gladiator rudem tam cito accepisti?

    Cic. Phil. 2, 29, 74:

    acceptā rude,

    Juv. 6, 113:

    essedario rudem indulgere,

    Suet. Claud. 21.—And hence transf. to other persons who receive an honorable discharge:

    tardā vires minuente senectā, Me quoque donari jam rude tempus erat,

    i. e. to dismiss, discharge, Ov. Tr. 4, 8, 24; id. Am. 2, 9, 22; cf.:

    spectatum satis et donatum jam rude,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 2 (v. Orell. ad h. l.):

    ergo sibi dabit ipse rudem,

    Juv. 7, 171; Mart. 3, 36, 10.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > rudis

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  • Foil fusing — is the fusion of a foil / metallic sheet to another surface, usually paper. It is a highly precise and specialised method of printing, creating a metallic colour or sheen to an already printed piece.Usually used in collaboration with a laser… …   Wikipedia

  • Foil — Foil, n. 1. Failure of success when on the point of attainment; defeat; frustration; miscarriage. Milton. [1913 Webster] Nor e er was fate so near a foil. Dryden. [1913 Webster] 2. A blunt weapon used in fencing, resembling a smallsword in the… …   The Collaborative International Dictionary of English

  • Foil — (foil), v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Foiled} (foild); p. pr. & vb. n. {Foiling}.] [F. fouler to tread or trample under one s feet, to press, oppress. See {Full}, v. t.] 1. To tread under foot; to trample. [1913 Webster] King Richard . . . caused the… …   The Collaborative International Dictionary of English

  • Foil stamping — Foil stamping, typically a commercial print process, is the application of pigment or metallic foil, a special film backed material, to paper where a heated die is stamped onto the foil, making it adhere to the surface leaving the design of the… …   Wikipedia

  • foil — foil1 [foil] vt. [ME foilen < OFr fuler, to trample on, subdue: see FULL2] 1. to keep from being successful; thwart; frustrate 2. Hunting to make (a scent, trail, etc.) confused, as by recrossing, in order to balk the pursuers n. 1. Archaic… …   English World dictionary

  • FOIL (programming language) — FOIL was the name for two different programming languages. CAI style languageThe first FOIL was a CAI language developed at the University of Michigan in 1967. The acronym stood for File Oriented Interpretive Language and it was very similar to… …   Wikipedia

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